Pulmonary Complications after Cardiopulmonary Bypass and its relation with Aortic Cross Clamp Time

Abstract

Background: Pulmonary complications after cardiopulmonary bypass was have devastating effects on the outcome of the surgery.

Objective: To find out the frequency of pulmonary complications after cardiopulmonary bypass related to aortic cross clamp time.

Methodology: In this cross-sectional study of 120 patients, aged 16 to 78 years. The study was carried out at Punjab Institute Cardiology Hospital Lahore and Gulab Devi Chest Hospital Lahore. Quantitative statistics were displayed as frequency distribution, mean, range and standard deviation. Chi-square test was used to see relationship among pulmonary complications after cardiopulmonary bypass and prolonged aortic cross clamp time. P-value less than 0.05 was taken as significant.

Results: Overall 120 patients were included in this study, among 51 (42%) patients had pulmonary complications post-operative. Most recurrent post-operative pulmonary complication was pleural effusion 37 (30%) patients, prolonged mechanical ventilation 22 (18%), pneumonia in 3 (2.5%) and pulmonary edema in 1 (0.83%) patients. The major element of danger of postoperative pulmonary complication was prolonged aortic cross clamp time above 90 minutes and p-value  was 0.002.

Conclusion: It is summarized that pleural effusion is the common complication after cardiopulmonary bypass and prolonged aortic cross clamp time >90mints had a high risk of pulmonary complications after cardiopulmonary bypass.